Introduction to Biblical Theology - Dr. Thomas Schreiner - Lecture 01

Summary

Pastors have the most influence on congregations

• Preachers can teach good biblical theology and model sound use of the Bible

• Pastors walk with their congregation through all of life's ups and downs and constantly apply Scripture

• Putting the whole Bible together is a difficult task and there are different perspectives on how to do it

• The central theme of the Bible is the kingdom of God displayed through His covenants

Focus on the eternal new creation, not just the Millennium

• Christians should prioritize eternal life over rewards

• Biblical theology begins with the Trinitarian God as creator

• Reading scripture in its historical and canonical context is important

God is the creator of all things and has no rivals.

• All things were created by His Word, which is Jesus Christ Himself.

• Creation exists for the glory of God reflecting His beauty.

Seventh day signifies God's reign and Sabbath rest in new creation

• Scripture teaches that seventh day signifies God's reign and rule for good of people, a day of refreshment and joy.

• According to Hebrews, seventh day signifies a Sabbath rest for the people of God in the new creation.

• Revelation 14:13 says that blessed are the dead who die in the Lord from now on as they will rest from their labours since their works follow them.

The garden and the temple have parallels in how God dwells and is guarded.

• The garden is a sanctuary where humans meet with God.

• Adam and Eve are called to spread God's blessing and presence over the entire world.

• The cherubim always closely guard God's reign, rule, and throne throughout Scripture.

• The Temple Tabernacle symbolizes the Tree of Life and the river from Eden anticipates the river in Ezekiel 47.

• Many people argue that the garden was kind of a mountain sanctuary, and the temple is on a mountain.

• God entrusted the wisdom, discernment, and abilities to Adam and Eve to spread his presence to the whole world.

Sin has affected the natural world and humanity.

• The displacement of God is the heart of sin.

• The consequences of Adam and Eve's sin include thorns and thistles in the garden and their exile from God's presence.

Only those forgiven through Jesus can live in God's presence.

• Psalm 15 and 24 ask who can dwell in God's tabernacle and holy mountain.

• Adam's sin in Genesis 5 shows its impact on human mortality.

• Beginning of a story is important, as seen in novels and geometry class.

The Bible is revised, and the Holman Christian Standard Bible is the best.

• The ESV and the NIV are also good translations.

• The serpent is Satan, and the offspring of the woman will destroy the Serpent and the Serpent's offspring.

Key Points

1. Pastoral Influence: Pastors play a significant role in shaping the biblical understanding of their congregations ([00:07]).

2. Centrality of the Kingdom of God: Understanding the Kingdom of God is central to biblical theology ([03:03]).

3. Historical and Canonical Context: It is vital to understand Scripture within its historical and canonical context ([08:03]).

4. Genesis and Theology: Genesis reveals God's sovereignty and the Trinitarian nature of creation ([10:15]).

5. Imago Dei: Humans are created in God's image to rule as His vice-regents ([15:49]).

6. Adam's Role: Adam acts as a king and priest in the garden, reflecting God's presence ([18:23]).

7. The Fall: Adam and Eve's failure to submit to God's authority introduces sin into the world ([23:12]).

8. Impact of Sin: Sin has impacted creation, leading to its fallen state ([25:20]).

9. Genealogical Impact of Sin: Adam's sin profoundly affects humanity, a point highlighted through biblical genealogies ([29:51]).

10. Bible Translations and Theology: Dr. Schreiner discusses various Bible translations and theological perspectives on Scripture ([32:10]).

11. Influence of Pastoral Teaching

    • Pastors have a significant impact on congregations through teaching and modeling biblical theology.

    • Notable theologians like Augustine, Luther, and Calvin were also pastors, highlighting the unique influence of pastoral ministry.

12. Biblical Theology Focus

    • The central theme in biblical theology is the Kingdom of God, defined as God's rule over His people through covenants.

    • Covenants serve as the backbone of the biblical storyline, illustrating God's relationship with His people.

13. Creation and the Role of Humanity

    • God created humans in His image to serve as His vice-regents, ruling and mediating blessings for the world.

    • The concept of the garden as a temple where humans meet with God is emphasized, paralleling the roles of priests in the tabernacle.

14. Consequences of Sin

    • Adam and Eve’s sin led to their exile from God’s presence, symbolizing the broader theme of redemption and future restoration.

    • The natural world also fell due to sin, resulting in thorns and thistles, which reflects the impact of humanity's disobedience.

15. Interpreting Scripture

    • Emphasis on reading scripture in historical and canonical context, including a Trinitarian perspective on creation.

    • Genesis 1:26 is interpreted as a Trinitarian statement, showcasing the collaborative work of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.

16. Scriptural Themes and Promises

    • Genesis 3:15 presents the first promise of redemption, indicating the enmity between the serpent and the woman's offspring.

    • The importance of eternal life is highlighted over temporary rewards, challenging common evangelical focus on the Millennium.

17. The New Creation

    • Discussion on the new creation as the ultimate destination for believers, which is more significant than the Millennium.

    • The seventh day signifies God's rest and reign, connecting to the future rest for God's people in the new creation.

18. Genealogy and Sin’s Impact

    • The genealogies in Genesis illustrate the roll call of death, emphasizing the consequences of Adam's sin on humanity.

    • The speaker stresses the need to uphold a historical Adam, countering contemporary theological debates.

19. Resources for Further Study

    • Recommendation of the book "God's Salvation through Judgment" by Jim Hamilton for deeper insights into biblical theology and its implications.

20. Final Thought on Authority in Interpretation

    • Scripture interprets itself; the authority of the text should guide understanding, as seen in the interpretation of the serpent in Genesis.

Article

Understanding the Kingdom of God: Insights from Biblical Theology

In a recent lecture, biblical theologian Graham Goldsworthy's assertion that "people learn how to use the Bible mostly from their teachers in church" resonated deeply. This highlights the pivotal role pastors and church leaders play in shaping the theological understanding of their congregations. As someone who has spent years in pastoral ministry and academia, I can attest to the profound influence that local church leaders have on their communities. They guide their congregations through life's milestones—births, marriages, and even deaths—constantly applying Scripture to real-life situations. This unique position allows pastors to mold the theological perspectives of their congregants, making their role indispensable in the realm of biblical theology.

The Central Theme: The Kingdom of God

One of the key themes discussed in the lecture is the Kingdom of God, which is described as God's rule over His people through covenants. This concept serves as a backbone for understanding the biblical narrative. The Kingdom of God is not merely a future hope; it is a present reality that shapes how believers live today. The covenants throughout Scripture—such as those made with Noah, Abraham, and Moses—unfold the story of God's redemptive plan and His desire to dwell among His people.

The speaker emphasized that while various theological systems exist—like dispensationalism and covenant theology—each offers a different lens through which to view the Kingdom of God. However, the central theme remains consistent: God's rule is established through His covenants, which ultimately lead to the consummation of His Kingdom in the new creation.

The Importance of the New Creation

Interestingly, the discussion also touched on the often-overlooked topic of the new creation compared to the Millennium. Many Christians seem more excited about the Millennium, a temporary state, rather than the eternal new creation. The speaker urged us to refocus our attention on the new creation, which is the ultimate fulfillment of God's promises. This perspective is crucial, as it reminds believers that their hope lies not in temporary rewards but in the eternal life offered through Christ.

The Creation Narrative: A Trinitarian Perspective

The lecture delved into the creation narrative in Genesis, highlighting its profound implications. The speaker argued for a Trinitarian reading of Genesis 1:26, suggesting that the plural language used in the creation of humanity reflects the nature of the Godhead. This interpretation invites us to see the creation of humanity as a collaborative act of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, emphasizing the relational aspect of God’s nature.

Furthermore, the speaker pointed out that the creation account is not just about the physical world but also about the establishment of God's Kingdom. Humanity, created in God's image, is called to be His vice-regents, ruling the earth on His behalf. This role is not merely about authority but also about stewardship and responsibility, reflecting God's character in the world.

The Fall and Its Consequences

The discussion naturally progressed to the Fall, where Adam and Eve's disobedience led to their exile from God's presence. This act of rebellion not only affected humanity but also had cosmic implications, resulting in a fallen creation. The speaker emphasized that the consequences of sin are evident in the world around us, from natural disasters to moral decay. This reality serves as a reminder of the brokenness of our world and the need for redemption.

Genesis 3:15, often referred to as the "protoevangelium," was highlighted as a pivotal moment in the biblical narrative. This verse foreshadows the coming of Christ, who would ultimately crush the serpent's head, signifying the defeat of sin and death. The speaker encouraged listeners to view this promise as a thread woven throughout Scripture, culminating in the person and work of Jesus.

The Role of the Church

As we reflect on these themes, it becomes clear that the church has a vital role in proclaiming the Kingdom of God. Pastors and church leaders are tasked with teaching their congregations about God's redemptive plan and the hope of the new creation. This involves not only preaching but also modeling a life that reflects the values of God's Kingdom.

In a world filled with distractions and competing narratives, the church must remain steadfast in its mission to share the good news of Jesus Christ. This includes addressing contemporary issues through a biblical lens, helping believers navigate the complexities of life while remaining anchored in their faith.

Conclusion

The insights shared in this lecture serve as a powerful reminder of the importance of understanding the Kingdom of God and its implications for our lives. As we engage with Scripture, we are called to recognize the overarching narrative of God's redemptive plan, from creation to new creation. By focusing on the central theme of the Kingdom and the role of the church, we can better equip ourselves and our congregations to live out our faith in a way that honors God and reflects His glory to the world.

In summary, the journey through biblical theology is not just an academic exercise; it is a transformative process that shapes our understanding of God, ourselves, and our place in His Kingdom. As we continue to explore these themes, may we be inspired to live as faithful stewards of the message of hope and redemption found in Christ.

Study Guide: Biblical Theology and the Kingdom of God

Key Concepts

Influence of Pastoral Ministry

• Pastors have a significant role in teaching biblical theology and modeling sound hermeneutics.

• Historical theologians (e.g., Augustine, Luther, Calvin) were often pastors, highlighting the unique influence of pastoral ministry.

Central Theme: The Kingdom of God

• The Kingdom of God is defined as God's rule over His people through His covenants.

• Key reference: "Kingdom through Covenant" by Gentry and Wellum.

Covenants as the Backbone of Scripture

• The biblical storyline unfolds through various covenants, which are essential for understanding God's kingdom.

Eschatological Focus

• Emphasis on the New Creation over the Millennium; the New Creation is eternal, while the Millennium is temporary.

• Key verses: Revelation 14:13, Hebrews 4 (Sabbath rest).

Creation and the Trinity

• Genesis 1:1-2: Creation is a Trinitarian act: God the Father (creator), the Word (Jesus), and the Spirit (breath).

• Importance of reading Scripture in its historical and canonical context.

Humanity's Role in Creation

• Humans are created in God's image to rule as His vice-regents.

• The image of God signifies the responsibility to mediate God's presence and blessings.

The Fall and Its Consequences

• Adam and Eve's sin led to their exile from God's presence and the corruption of creation (Genesis 3).

• Romans 8: Creation groans due to the effects of sin.

Genesis 3:15 - The Protoevangelium

• God's promise of redemption through the offspring of the woman, foreshadowing Christ's victory over sin and Satan.

Important Definitions

• Biblical Theology: The study of the Bible's overarching narrative and themes, particularly how they relate to God's kingdom.

• Covenant: A solemn agreement between God and His people, foundational to understanding the biblical narrative.

• Eschatology: The study of end times, focusing on the ultimate fulfillment of God's promises.

Key Theological Themes

God as Creator

• God created the world and everything in it, establishing His sovereignty.

• Psalm 96:5 emphasizes God's uniqueness as the creator compared to idols.

Humanity's Purpose

• Humans are to reflect God's image and rule the earth, serving as His representatives.

• The role of Adam and Eve as kings and priests in the garden.

The Nature of Sin

• Sin is the displacement of God, leading to self-worship and rebellion against divine authority.

• The consequences of sin affect both humanity and creation.

Redemption and Restoration

• The biblical narrative points toward redemption through Christ, culminating in the New Creation.

• The hope of eternal life and restoration of creation is central to Christian faith.

Discussion Questions

1. How do the covenants shape our understanding of the Kingdom of God?

2. In what ways does the pastoral role influence congregational understanding of Scripture?

3. Why is it important to prioritize the New Creation over the Millennium in eschatological discussions?

4. How does the concept of humanity being made in God's image inform our understanding of our role in creation?

Conclusion

This study guide encapsulates the essential themes and concepts discussed in the lecture on biblical theology and the Kingdom of God. Understanding these elements is crucial for grasping the overarching narrative of Scripture and the role of humanity within it.

Dr. Tom Schreiner is an Associate Dean for the School of Theology and the James Buchanan Harrison Professor of New Testament Interpretation and Professor of Biblical Theology at Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. Prior to joining Southern, he taught New Testament at Azusa Pacific University. He also taught at Bethel Theological Seminary for 11 years. Schreiner is a Pauline scholar who has written extensively on this subject. He is married to Diane and they have four children. Schreiner is a member of Clifton Baptist Church in Louisville, Kentucky.